Language orientation
Meeting Punjabi and its two major scripts
Explore the language and the histories of its writing systems before choosing a script pathway.
3 entries · 6 min reading, calculated from article text
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Your reading goal
Understand the difference between a language, its scripts, transliteration and translation.
- 01Language · 2 min read
Punjabi: a language across borders
Separate the spoken language, its writing systems and the changing geography of its speakers before beginning your own reading journey.
- 02Language · 2 min read
Gurmukhi: history, structure and everyday use
A short guide to Gurmukhi, its historical attribution, its structure and the difference between readable letters and digital encoding.
- 03Language · 2 min read
Shahmukhi: reading Punjabi in a Perso-Arabic script
Understand the script’s direction, its relationship to Punjabi and why converting text between scripts needs careful checking.
A question to carry with you
Choose one claim from your reading. Identify its source and locator. What does that source directly establish, and what would need a second source?