Afghan migration and settlement in Punjab
Afghan refugee settlement in Pakistani Punjab, the Lahore commissionerate and Kot Chandna camp, through dated institutional records.
Punjab and the wider region
Institutions & belonging
Communities & faiths.
Explore institutions and documented experiences with care for self-identification and difference.
80 sourced entries · alphabetical directory · page 1 of 5
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Ahmadi communities in Punjab: Qadian, Lahore and Rabwah
Ahmadi histories connect Qadian, a distinct Lahore organisation and the post-Partition town of Rabwah. Community self-descriptions and state classifications must be understood separately.
Qadian in Indian Punjab; Lahore and Rabwah in Pakistan Punjab
Arora communities in Punjab: historical diversity
A Lahore association record, K. L. Gauba’s self-description and post-Partition organising show different ways Arora, religious and regional identities entered public life.
Historical western Punjab and Lahore; Sri Ganganagar, Delhi and linked Punjabi migrant organisations
Arya Samaj in Punjab: reform, schools and debates over education
Arya Samaj history in Punjab connects Vedic reform with educational organisation. DAV’s institutional account and a study of girls’ schooling show different projects and disagreements within the movement.
Historical Punjab, particularly Lahore and Jalandhar; later DAV institutional account from Ambala, now Haryana
Awan communities in Punjab: historical diversity
Village fieldwork and two parliamentary family histories show different uses of Awan identity, occupation and political resources in Pakistan Punjab.
Bhalot and Taxila region, Attock; Padhrar, Sargodha/Khushab and Kalabagh, Mianwali, Pakistan Punjab
Bazigar communities in Punjab
Bazigar histories through dhol musician Garib Dass, colonial surveillance and a study involving women in Punjab.
Punjab and the wider region
Buddhist heritage of Punjab: stupas, sculpture and remembered journeys
Mankiyala and Sanghol reveal Buddhist pilgrimage, relic worship and artistic connections across the historic Punjab, preserved through archaeology and museums.
Historic Punjab, including Rawalpindi and Fatehgarh Sahib
Changar communities in Punjab: reading historical sources
Compare colonial descriptions and recent research on Changar communities in Punjab.
Punjabi communities
Chishti networks in Punjab: lodges, renewal and changing boundaries
Chishti connections linked Punjab’s lodges to teachers and writings across South Asia. Later renewal created new centres, while local interpretations of religious boundaries continued to change.
Pakpattan, Multan, Taunsa, Kot Mithan, Sial and Golra, connected with Delhi
Christian communities in Punjab: missions, local choices and changing churches
Christian histories in Punjab include Punjabi converts, different missionary organisations and institutions reshaped by Partition. Their experiences cannot be reduced to one denomination or social story.
Historical Punjab; Indian Punjab and Lahore connections
Church missions and colonial Punjab: power, local workers and church councils
A selected Church Missionary Society history connects colonial sponsorship with local pastors, lay workers and the organisation of church councils.
Colonial Punjab, with Lahore and the Amritsar–Jandiala church-council records
Conversion and social change in Punjab: networks, membership and daily life
Colonial Christian cases show conversion involving belief, family networks and new community rules. A British Sikh school comparison clarifies why institutional participation alone cannot establish conversion.
Colonial Punjab, especially the Sialkot and Amritsar areas; a clearly separated Birmingham comparison
Dalit Sikh histories: equality, labour and institutional power
Dalit Sikh histories connect anti-caste religious teachings with struggles over work, access to institutions and representation in Punjab.
Punjab, with particular studies of village institutions
Devi traditions in Punjab: images, local temples and sacred flames
Goddess imagery, Patiala’s Kali Devi temple and the connected Jwalamukhi tradition reveal different forms of devotion across Punjab and its neighbouring hills.
Selected Punjab settings, historical Punjab Hills art and a Jwalamukhi comparison in Himachal Pradesh
Gujjar communities in Punjab: historical diversity
Colonial returns, a bounded Punjab household study and a neighbouring Van Gujjar comparison show differences in religion, residence and the public meanings of community names.
Colonial Punjab and six districts of Indian Punjab; an explicitly comparative Uttarakhand/Himachal setting
Hindu traditions in Punjab: devotional variety and histories of reform
A diverse religious tradition takes local forms through temples, reform movements and changing public identities. Amritsar’s Durgiana Temple provides one specific institutional example.
Punjab, especially Amritsar; wider Hindu traditions
Jain heritage of Punjab: temples, trading towns and manuscripts
Jain histories in Punjab include image worship and non-image traditions, commercial neighbourhoods, and manuscript collections carried across Partition.
Historic Punjab on both sides of the India–Pakistan border
Jain merchant networks in Punjab: commerce, migration and lay support
Trade routes, migration and support for religious learning connected selected Jain communities. A 2017 Ludhiana case shows why occupation, kinship and religious affiliation require separate attention.
Historical Punjab and selected Svetambara settings in Ludhiana and Delhi, with Rajasthan-linked migrations
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