Another consonant row

The alphabet chart places ਚ ਛ ਜ ਝ ਞ together. Locate ਚ at the beginning and ਜ in the middle.[1]

The Language Department’s entry places ਚ in the palatal group, describing the middle of the tongue and the upper palate. Use palatal as the organising label for this row. The written examples below let you practise recognition while leaving precise articulation to a listening and speaking activity with a suitable model.[2]

Read the tea example without losing its marks

Maya Singh’s 1895 dictionary gives ਚਾਹ with a tea sense, alongside a separate desire sense. For this exercise use the tea sense. Find ਚ at the beginning, and keep the following vowel mark and final letter when copying. Compare your whole copy with the checked example before returning to its initial consonant. A familiar English meaning can help recall the word, but the letter sequence is what establishes whether you have reproduced this spelling.[3]

Match the water example to its meaning

The same dictionary records ਜਲ with the meaning water. Locate ਜ, then compare it with ਚ in the tea word. The two forms occur in the same alphabet row but begin different checked words. Cover the meanings and identify each starting letter; then uncover the meanings and make the association again. In the exercise, choose the word for water from the actual examples rather than inventing a spelling from its English translation.[4]

Your learning objective

Find ਚ and ਜ in the palatal row and match ਚਾਹ and ਜਲ with their checked lexical senses.

Prerequisites: Complete Gurmukhi lesson 04 before this lesson. Level 5 · Gurmukhi.

Check your understanding

Which checked word has the water meaning used in this lesson?

Answer: ਜਲ. ਜਲ is the checked water word and begins with ਜ. The tea example ਚਾਹ begins with ਚ.

Interactive feedback and progress appear when the tools load. Answer evidence: PH-LAN-0035-S3 PH-LAN-0035-S4

Sources & notes

Source records include access dates and, where known, limits on what was examined. Checks used AI assistance; independent human or specialist review has not been completed.

  1. Gurdev Singh; Sahit Kosh Paribhashak Shabdavali, Punjabi University. Punjabi reference entry: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2015-08-11 (online posting; print date not established) · Locator: Gurdev Singh entry: current alphabet-order table, row ਚ ਛ ਜ ਝ ਞ; web posting 11 August 2015. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual named entry inspected in the university-hosted page. Other entries and reader comments on the aggregated topic page are not automatically adopted. No history, religious origin, blanket sound correspondence or unsupported pronunciation rule is adopted. Chart/typeface not reproduced as an image.Return to Script form 1 ↑Return to Another consonant row, paragraph 1 ↑
  2. Surinder Singh Kohli; Punjab Kosh, volume 1, Punjab Language Department. Punjabi reference entry: ਚ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2018-08-16 · Locator: Opening paragraph: palatal group and middle-tongue/upper-palate description; web posting 16 August 2018. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual named entry inspected in the university-hosted page. Other entries and reader comments on the aggregated topic page are not automatically adopted. Uses the Language Department entry, not the school entry’s conflicting sixteenth-letter ordinal. No script-origin narrative or English-equivalent pronunciation assumed.Return to Another consonant row, paragraph 2 ↑
  3. Bhai Maya Singh; Munshi Gulab Singh & Sons. The Panjabi Dictionary (1895): ਚਾਹ ↗historical lexicon, inspected original 1895 text · Source date: 1895 · Locator: Original 1895 edition, printed 177, PDF 195 (one-based); right column, CHAH entry midway down. Accessed 2026-11-01.The original printed entry and exact Gurmukhi headword were visually checked. Only the selected supported sense is used. Modern introductions, later additions and digital search results are not substituted for the printed entry.Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 2 ↑Return to Read the tea example without losing its marks, paragraph 1 ↑
  4. Bhai Maya Singh; Munshi Gulab Singh & Sons. The Panjabi Dictionary (1895): ਜਲ ↗historical lexicon, inspected original 1895 text · Source date: 1895 · Locator: Original 1895 edition, printed 470, PDF 486 (one-based); left column, JAL entry. Accessed 2026-11-01.The original printed entry and exact Gurmukhi headword were visually checked. Only the selected supported sense is used. Modern introductions, later additions and digital search results are not substituted for the printed entry.Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 3 ↑Return to Match the water example to its meaning, paragraph 1 ↑
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Record PH-LAN-0035 · English edition · human review not performed