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Excavation, collection and interpretation

Objects and their provenance

Compare Harappan seals and pottery with a Gandharan sculpture guide, keeping ancient context and later museum custody distinct.

4 entries · 8 min reading, calculated from article text

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Your reading goal

Record an object identifier, distinguish a findspot from a regional attribution, and separate the material examined from a catalogue or later interpretation.

  1. 01
    Collections · 2 min read

    Harappan seals from Punjab: object research guide

    An inspected Harappa excavation report and a precisely identified museum seal show how material, find context, object number and published comparisons belong together.

  2. 02
    Collections · 2 min read

    Harappan pottery from Punjab: object research guide

    Two independently authored excavation studies show how vessel labels, burial preservation and workshop evidence change the questions that can be asked of pottery from Harappa.

  3. 03
    History · 2 min read

    Harappan seals and the undeciphered script

    Compare actual seals and impressions while keeping visible signs, possible functions and unverified readings distinct.

  4. 04
    Collections · 2 min read

    Gandharan sculpture provenance guide

    Two identified Gandharan sculptures and a museum’s field definitions show why an ancient date, regional attribution, excavation context and collection history answer different questions.

A question to carry with you

Choose one claim from your reading. Identify its source and locator. What does that source directly establish, and what would need a second source?

History grows clearer when we can check it.

How we use sources, explain uncertainty and correct mistakes.

Our approach