Find two signs below the base

Kandola’s orthography discussion places onkar and dulankar below their letters and associates them with ਉ and ਊ respectively. Look below the main letter body when comparing their shapes. Their position distinguishes this exercise from the upright kanna and the side-positioned signs studied earlier. Recognition still requires looking at the particular sign, not merely noticing something below a consonant.[1]

The school dictionary independently displays the dulankar sign in its ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜੇ entry and connects it with ਊ. Use the displayed form as a second reference when checking your copy. Do not replace it with onkar simply because both occur below a base.[2]

Locate onkar in bridge

The Mahan Kosh entry records ਪੁਲ with a bridge sense. Find the sign below ਪ, then retain the final ਲ. Copy the complete word and point out that lower sign before looking again at the English meaning. The chosen bridge sense supplies the vocabulary cue; the actual headword supplies the checked spelling used in the exercise.[3]

Compare the distance word

Maya Singh’s 1895 dictionary gives ਦੂਰ with distant or far senses. Its lower sign differs from the bridge word’s sign. Compare the two below-base shapes while preserving their different first and final consonants. Then cover the meanings and locate the signs again. Choosing the bridge example should depend on the complete checked word, followed by a deliberate check of its vowel sign.[4]

Your learning objective

Locate the different below-base vowel signs in ਪੁਲ and ਦੂਰ and identify the checked bridge word.

Prerequisites: Complete Gurmukhi lesson 12 before this lesson. Level 13 · Gurmukhi.

Check your understanding

Which checked word is the bridge example containing onkar?

Answer: ਪੁਲ. ਪੁਲ is the bridge example. ਦੂਰ is the checked distant/far word and has a different below-base sign.

Interactive feedback and progress appear when the tools load. Answer evidence: PH-LAN-0043-S3 PH-LAN-0043-S4

Sources & notes

Source records include access dates and, where known, limits on what was examined. Checks used AI assistance; independent human or specialist review has not been completed.

  1. Baldev Singh Kandola; Punjabi Vikas Manch UK. Development of Punjabi technical terminology — conference paper ↗authored conference paper · Source date: 2023 (conference paper; web posting date not established) · Locator: Printed page 4, section 1.2.1: ਔਂਕੜ and ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ paragraphs, identifying ਉ/ਊ and below-letter position. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual 20-page PDF retrieved and specified orthography paragraphs inspected. Conference header dates 29–30 July 2023; URL upload folder is not treated as publication proof. Political framing, universal origin claims, disputed final-vowel rules and unrelated examples are not adopted.Return to Find two signs below the base, paragraph 1 ↑
  2. Joga Singh, editor; Punjabi University Punjabi Kosh (school level). Punjabi reference entry: ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜੇ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2014-02-25 (online block; print-edition date not established) · Locator: Exact named school-level Punjabi Kosh block under ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜੇ, before its author/source/date footer; web posting 2014-02-25 (print publication date not established). Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual complete named school-dictionary block inspected. Selected headword/gloss supplies lexical facts; copying, recognition and quiz directions are original teaching material. Other works on the aggregate page are separately identified.Return to Script form 3 ↑Return to Find two signs below the base, paragraph 2 ↑
  3. Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha; Language Department Punjab, Patiala, 1981 photo-offset publisher. Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh: ਪੁਲ (original text; 1981 photographic reproduction) ↗historical dictionary text in inspected photographic reproduction · Source date: 1981 · Locator: 1981 print779, centre column, ਪੁਲ sense2; source PH-LAN-0043-S3; zero-based leaf 890, PDF page 891; physical imprint leaf5/PDF6 and reproduction declaration leaf7/PDF8. Accessed 2026-11-01.The exact main-text headword and selected lexical sense were visually inspected in the photographic reproduction. The edition identifies the main text as a reproduction of the first four-volume work; later appendix and prefatory commentary are not the vocabulary source. The lesson directions and exercises are original teaching material, not a quotation from the dictionary.Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 1 ↑Return to Locate onkar in bridge, paragraph 1 ↑
  4. Bhai Maya Singh; Munshi Gulab Singh & Sons. The Panjabi Dictionary (1895): ਦੂਰ ↗historical lexicon, inspected original 1895 text · Source date: 1895 · Locator: Original 1895 edition, printed 340, PDF 356 (one-based); left column, DUR entry below short dur entries. Accessed 2026-11-01.The original printed entry and exact Gurmukhi headword were visually checked. Only the selected supported sense is used. Modern introductions, later additions and digital search results are not substituted for the printed entry.Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 2 ↑Return to Compare the distance word, paragraph 1 ↑
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Record PH-LAN-0043 · English edition · human review not performed