A written combination

Malik describes the written aspirate convention as a consonant followed by do-chashmi he. Retain that second component in the checked words.[1]

Keep the flower word’s opening together

The dictionary records پھل with a flower sense. Find its opening پ and the following ھ before moving to the final lam. Copy the complete headword without deleting the second component because it looks smaller or connects closely to its neighbour. Then locate the same combination again while covering the meaning. The selected flower sense supplies the vocabulary cue, and the published spelling supplies the evidence for the written sequence. The entry’s other displayed material does not turn this activity into a general rule for every similarly written word.[2]

Compare the beginning of house

The separate entry gives گھر with a house or home sense. Its opening uses گ with the he component, followed by re. Compare that beginning with the flower word’s beginning, retaining the different first consonants. Copy both full examples beside their selected meanings, then cover the meanings and distinguish their openings again. The dictionary records pronunciation separately from its Roman index spelling. Recognising this written combination is therefore a reading task, not permission to insert the same English h sound mechanically after every Punjabi consonant. Use the actual whole word when answering.[3]

Your learning objective

Locate the he component in پھل and گھر and distinguish their different initial combinations.

Prerequisites: Complete Shahmukhi lesson 14 before this lesson. Level 15 · Shahmukhi.

Check your understanding

Which checked word supplies the flower example with initial پھ?

Answer: پھل. پھل is the selected flower word. گھر supplies the house/home example and begins with the different گھ combination.

Interactive feedback and progress appear when the tools load. Answer evidence: PH-LAN-0065-S2 PH-LAN-0065-S3

Sources & notes

Source records include access dates and, where known, limits on what was examined. Checks used AI assistance; independent human or specialist review has not been completed.

  1. M. G. Abbas Malik; 27 th Internationalization and Unicode Conference, Berlin. Towards a Unicode Compatible Punjabi Character Set ↗primary conference paper · Source date: 2005-04 · Locator: Printed p 4, section 4.1.2: written aspirates as consonant plus do-chashmey-hay; p 2 figure 1 isolated ھ. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual 9-page PDF inspected; printed pp 2–3 rendered and figures visually checked. Used for specified Punjabi-script observations, not its inconsistent early-history account or a claim that its 2005 proposed repertoire is current Unicode. Chart images are not reproduced.Return to Script form 1 ↑Return to A written combination, paragraph 1 ↑
  2. Kanwal Bashir and Abbas Kazmi; Dunwoody Press, hosted by University of Chicago Digital Dictionaries of South Asia. Punjabi-English Dictionary: phul ↗authored Punjabi dictionary entry · Source date: 2012; digital data updated August 2023 · Locator: Printed p 162, پھل headword and marked پُھل, flower sense. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual full primary entry body retrieved and the specified spelling, sense or example inspected. This dictionary explicitly targets Pakistani Punjabi; native forms are its published text, not an automatic conversion. Unrelated senses and news examples are not adopted. Roman query keys are index labels, not verified learner pronunciation. Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 2 ↑Return to Keep the flower word’s opening together, paragraph 1 ↑
  3. Kanwal Bashir and Abbas Kazmi; Dunwoody Press, hosted by University of Chicago Digital Dictionaries of South Asia. Punjabi-English Dictionary: ghar ↗authored Punjabi dictionary entry · Source date: 2012; digital data updated August 2023 · Locator: Printed p 497, گھر headword, house/home sense 1 and separately recorded pronunciation field. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual full primary entry body retrieved and the specified spelling, sense or example inspected. This dictionary explicitly targets Pakistani Punjabi; native forms are its published text, not an automatic conversion. Unrelated senses and news examples are not adopted. Roman query keys are index labels, not verified learner pronunciation. Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 3 ↑Return to Compare the beginning of house, paragraph 1 ↑
Help improve this entry. Suggest a correction with a source.
Record PH-LAN-0065 · English edition · human review not performed