Comparing reference forms

Compare ی and ے in the inspected reference chart. Keep their shapes distinct while looking through the complete word examples below.[1]

Locate ye at the beginning of memory

The dictionary records یاد with a memory sense. Find ی at its right-hand beginning, then follow the alif and final dal. Copy the complete headword and mark the position of its first letter in your notes. Return to the isolated reference form without assuming that a connected letter must reproduce every detail of its isolated outline. Cover the meaning, identify the target again, and then use memory as the selected vocabulary cue. This task concerns a letter at the beginning of a real word rather than an invented string of joined shapes.[2]

Final bari ye

The song entry explicitly supplies گانے as its noun plural. Use that published form rather than constructing a plural yourself from an English rule. Follow the word to its left-hand end and locate ے. Check its ending twice. Copy the whole spelling and keep the final shape distinct from ی in the memory example. The target’s position changes between the words, so inspect the complete spelling before choosing. The exercise asks for the checked songs form with its final bari ye, not merely whichever word first looks familiar.[3]

Your learning objective

Locate initial ی in یاد and final ے in گانے, preserving the complete checked forms.

Prerequisites: Complete Shahmukhi lesson 13 before this lesson. Level 14 · Shahmukhi.

Check your understanding

Which checked form ends in bari ye ے?

Answer: گانے. گانے is the published songs plural and ends in ے. یاد begins with ی and ends in د.

Interactive feedback and progress appear when the tools load. Answer evidence: PH-LAN-0064-S2 PH-LAN-0064-S3

Sources & notes

Source records include access dates and, where known, limits on what was examined. Checks used AI assistance; independent human or specialist review has not been completed.

  1. M. G. Abbas Malik; 27 th Internationalization and Unicode Conference, Berlin. Towards a Unicode Compatible Punjabi Character Set ↗primary conference paper · Source date: 2005-04 · Locator: Printed p 2, figure 1: isolated ی and ے. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual 9-page PDF inspected; printed pp 2–3 rendered and figures visually checked. Used for specified Punjabi-script observations, not its inconsistent early-history account or a claim that its 2005 proposed repertoire is current Unicode. Chart images are not reproduced.Return to Script form 1 ↑Return to Comparing reference forms, paragraph 1 ↑
  2. Kanwal Bashir and Abbas Kazmi; Dunwoody Press, hosted by University of Chicago Digital Dictionaries of South Asia. Punjabi-English Dictionary: yaad ↗authored Punjabi dictionary entry · Source date: 2012; digital data updated August 2023 · Locator: Printed p 638, یاد headword, memory sense 1. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual full primary entry body retrieved and the specified spelling, sense or example inspected. This dictionary explicitly targets Pakistani Punjabi; native forms are its published text, not an automatic conversion. Unrelated senses and news examples are not adopted. Roman query keys are index labels, not verified learner pronunciation. Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 2 ↑Return to Locate ye at the beginning of memory, paragraph 1 ↑
  3. Kanwal Bashir and Abbas Kazmi; Dunwoody Press, hosted by University of Chicago Digital Dictionaries of South Asia. Punjabi-English Dictionary: gaanaa ↗authored Punjabi dictionary entry · Source date: 2012; digital data updated August 2023 · Locator: Printed p 485, گانا entry, explicit noun plural گانے; same entry used in lesson 11. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual full primary entry body retrieved and the specified spelling, sense or example inspected. This dictionary explicitly targets Pakistani Punjabi; native forms are its published text, not an automatic conversion. Unrelated senses and news examples are not adopted. Roman query keys are index labels, not verified learner pronunciation. Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 3 ↑Return to Final bari ye, paragraph 1 ↑
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Record PH-LAN-0064 · English edition · human review not performed