An independent reading roomHistory · Language · Living heritage

Follow a source

Mughal manuscripts and editions

Start in Lahore, then trace illustrated manuscripts and historical translations of two imperial memoirs through particular collection records.

3 entries · 8 min reading, calculated from article text

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Your reading goal

Separate an original narrative, a later illustrated copy, an English edition and a translator’s working manuscript.

  1. 01
    Places · 2 min read

    Lahore: a city read through its streets

    Lahore’s history is visible in royal monuments, domestic streets and the work of conservation. Begin with the Walled City, while keeping this historic urban core distinct from the larger modern metropolis.

  2. 02
    Collections · 3 min read

    Baburnama and Punjab: manuscripts, images and translations

    Find a particular Baburnama witness, distinguish its language and date, and trace the Lahore connection of one illustrated folio.

  3. 03
    Collections · 3 min read

    Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri and Punjab: a guide to editions and evidence

    Locate the Rogers–Beveridge translation, read its editorial warnings and distinguish the printed memoir from a translator’s manuscript.

A question to carry with you

Choose one claim from your reading. Identify its source and locator. What does that source directly establish, and what would need a second source?

History grows clearer when we can check it.

How we use sources, explain uncertainty and correct mistakes.

Our approach