An independent reading roomHistory · Language · Living heritage

Maker, image, print and collection

Portraits, photographs and dates

Follow seven guides from court portraits to photographs and postcards, keeping the stages of production and later collection events distinct.

7 entries · 14 min reading, calculated from article text

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Your reading goal

Identify the particular image record, preserve qualified attribution and distinguish a sitting, exposure, later reproduction, album and acquisition.

  1. 01
    Collections · 2 min read

    Sikh court portraits: dating and attribution

    A drawing, a published print and a later album watercolour show why the sitter’s lifetime, an inscription and an object’s production date need separate checks.

  2. 02
    Collections · 2 min read

    Portraits of Ranjit Singh: comparing sources

    Compare an equestrian portrait, an Eden print and a museum record with conflicting medium fields while keeping each object’s date and collecting trail.

  3. 03
    Collections · 2 min read

    Portraits of Jind Kaur: provenance guide

    Separate the painting’s production and exhibition dates from an online reproduction and a later display credit; those records leave gaps in the ownership history.

  4. 04
    Collections · 2 min read

    Photographs of Duleep Singh: archive guide

    Compare three Duleep Singh photograph records through exposure dates, later printing, studio attribution and documented acquisition and custody histories.

  5. 05
    Collections · 2 min read

    Early photographs of Lahore: dating guide

    Read three early Lahore photograph records through date ranges, negative numbers, mounted dimensions and a royal tour album’s separate presentation history.

  6. 06
    Collections · 2 min read

    Early photographs of Amritsar: dating guide

    Compare Golden Temple photograph records with an album finding aid, preserving approximate dates, qualified makers, mount sizes and unidentified photographers.

  7. 07
    Collections · 2 min read

    Punjab postcards: source criticism guide

    Read Punjab postcards through three catalogue examples, keeping printing ranges, assembled sheets, colour descriptions and unknown makers in their proper scope.

A question to carry with you

Choose one claim from your reading. Identify its source and locator. What does that source directly establish, and what would need a second source?

History grows clearer when we can check it.

How we use sources, explain uncertainty and correct mistakes.

Our approach