The labial row

Read ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ, noting the first and last shapes.[1]

The Language Department’s ਪ entry describes the lips coming into contact. The label labial connects this row with the lips. Use it to remember the group’s place in your notes. The reading check below still requires attention to the displayed consonant; knowing a place label alone does not tell you which word has been written.[2]

Begin the leaf word with ਪ

The vocabulary dictionary supplies ਪੱਤਾ with a plant-leaf sense. Find ਪ at its beginning, then copy the complete word beneath that letter. Keep the mark over the following consonant and the final vowel sign in their original places. You will revisit the upper mark in the addak lesson. For now, use a leaf as the meaning cue while checking the first letter against the row. Preserve the whole source spelling instead of simplifying it to the letters already studied.[3]

Locate ਮ in the fish word

Maya Singh’s 1895 dictionary records ਮੱਛੀ for fish. Its first letter is ਮ, the last member of the displayed labial row. Compare that beginning with ਪ in the leaf example. Cover the meanings and sort the words by their initial letters; then reveal the meanings to check the association. Copying and sorting are different tasks, so perform both before the exercise. The fish spelling includes further marks and a palatal consonant: noticing its first letter does not require pretending those other features have already been mastered.[4]

Your learning objective

Identify ਪ and ਮ at the beginnings of ਪੱਤਾ and ਮੱਛੀ and locate them in the labial row.

Prerequisites: Complete Gurmukhi lesson 07 before this lesson. Level 8 · Gurmukhi.

Check your understanding

Which checked word begins with ਮ?

Answer: ਮੱਛੀ. ਮੱਛੀ begins with ਮ; the leaf example ਪੱਤਾ begins with ਪ. Both initials appear in the labial row.

Interactive feedback and progress appear when the tools load. Answer evidence: PH-LAN-0038-S3 PH-LAN-0038-S4

Sources & notes

Source records include access dates and, where known, limits on what was examined. Checks used AI assistance; independent human or specialist review has not been completed.

  1. Gurdev Singh; Sahit Kosh Paribhashak Shabdavali, Punjabi University. Punjabi reference entry: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2015-08-11 (online posting; print date not established) · Locator: Gurdev Singh entry: current alphabet-order table, row ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ; web posting 11 August 2015. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual named entry inspected in the university-hosted page. Other entries and reader comments on the aggregated topic page are not automatically adopted. No history, religious origin, blanket sound correspondence or unsupported pronunciation rule is adopted. Chart/typeface not reproduced as an image.Return to Script form 1 ↑Return to The labial row, paragraph 1 ↑
  2. Punjab Kosh, volume 2; Punjab Language Department. Punjabi reference entry: ਪ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: publication date not established · Locator: Opening paragraph: ਪ-varg and contact of the lips. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual named entry inspected in the university-hosted page. Other entries and reader comments on the aggregated topic page are not automatically adopted. Only place-of-contact description and letter identity used, not historical ancestry or a universal rule for every letter in the row.Return to The labial row, paragraph 2 ↑
  3. Kirpal Kazak, Punjabi Sabhiachar Shabdavali Kosh; Punjabi University. Punjabi reference entry: ਪੱਤਾ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2014-01-24 · Locator: Actual web lines21–28 first block, selected sense1; school dictionary and Mahan Kosh blocks are separate. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual complete named Kazak dictionary block inspected. Only the selected headword/gloss or spelling is used. Original copying, comparison and quiz instructions are not attributed as dictionary prose.Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 2 ↑Return to Begin the leaf word with ਪ, paragraph 1 ↑
  4. Bhai Maya Singh; Munshi Gulab Singh & Sons. The Panjabi Dictionary (1895): ਮੱਛੀ ↗historical lexicon, inspected original 1895 text · Source date: 1895 · Locator: Original 1895 edition, printed 692, PDF 706 (one-based); right column, MACHCHHI entry. Accessed 2026-11-01.The original printed entry and exact Gurmukhi headword were visually checked. Only the selected supported sense is used. Modern introductions, later additions and digital search results are not substituted for the printed entry.Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 3 ↑Return to Locate ਮ in the fish word, paragraph 1 ↑
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Record PH-LAN-0038 · English edition · human review not performed