Remaining basic consonants

The final basic row is ਯ ਰ ਲ ਵ ੜ. Compare its second and last letters closely.[1]

The school dictionary identifies ੜ as the thirty-fifth letter, named RARRA. Keep it separate from ਰ in your notes. Their resemblance in an English reading aid should not make you substitute one written consonant for the other. The checked examples place the two letters in different positions, giving you a practical way to distinguish the forms within words.[2]

Find the final letter of mountain

The school dictionary includes ਪਹਾੜ with a mountain sense. Start at its beginning, follow the complete spelling, and locate ੜ at the end. Copy the word and draw a box around that final consonant. Do not move it to the front merely because earlier lessons concentrated on initial letters. This example extends your search to a different position in a checked word. The dictionary also lists other uses; the mountain sense supplies the vocabulary association for this activity.[3]

Contrast it with the beginning of night

The separate vocabulary entry gives ਰਾਤ for night. Here ਰ begins the word. Compare that initial character with the final ੜ in the mountain example, then place each word beside its target letter. Keep the remaining letters and vowel sign intact while copying. In the exercise, look through the entire word before choosing. The position of the target changes between the examples, so a quick guess based only on the first character would miss the mountain word’s important final letter.[4]

Your learning objective

Locate ਰ and ੜ in the final basic row and distinguish their positions in ਰਾਤ and ਪਹਾੜ.

Prerequisites: Complete Gurmukhi lesson 08 before this lesson. Level 9 · Gurmukhi.

Check your understanding

Which checked word contains ੜ at its end?

Answer: ਪਹਾੜ. ਪਹਾੜ ends in ੜ. The other checked word, ਰਾਤ, begins with ਰ and ends in ਤ.

Interactive feedback and progress appear when the tools load. Answer evidence: PH-LAN-0039-S3 PH-LAN-0039-S4

Sources & notes

Source records include access dates and, where known, limits on what was examined. Checks used AI assistance; independent human or specialist review has not been completed.

  1. Gurdev Singh; Sahit Kosh Paribhashak Shabdavali, Punjabi University. Punjabi reference entry: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2015-08-11 (online posting; print date not established) · Locator: Gurdev Singh entry: current alphabet-order table, row ਯ ਰ ਲ ਵ ੜ; web posting 11 August 2015. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual named entry inspected in the university-hosted page. Other entries and reader comments on the aggregated topic page are not automatically adopted. No history, religious origin, blanket sound correspondence or unsupported pronunciation rule is adopted. Chart/typeface not reproduced as an image.Return to Script form 1 ↑Return to Remaining basic consonants, paragraph 1 ↑
  2. Joga Singh, editor; Punjabi University Punjabi Kosh (school level). Punjabi reference entry: ੜ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2014-02-25 (online block; print-edition date not established) · Locator: Exact named school-level Punjabi Kosh block under ੜ, before its author/source/date footer; web posting 2014-02-25 (print publication date not established). Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual complete named school-dictionary block inspected. Selected headword/gloss supplies lexical facts; copying, recognition and quiz directions are original teaching material. Other works on the aggregate page are separately identified.Return to Script form 2 ↑Return to Remaining basic consonants, paragraph 2 ↑
  3. Joga Singh, editor; Punjabi University Punjabi Kosh (school level). Punjabi reference entry: ਪਹਾੜ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2014-02-25 (online block; print-edition date not established) · Locator: Exact named school-level Punjabi Kosh block under ਪਹਾੜ, before its author/source/date footer; web posting 2014-02-25 (print publication date not established). Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual complete named school-dictionary block inspected. Selected headword/gloss supplies lexical facts; copying, recognition and quiz directions are original teaching material. Other works on the aggregate page are separately identified.Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 3 ↑Return to Find the final letter of mountain, paragraph 1 ↑
  4. Kirpal Kazak, Punjabi Sabhiachar Shabdavali Kosh; Punjabi University. Punjabi reference entry: ਰਾਤ ↗institutional dictionary or authored reference entry · Source date: 2014-01-24 · Locator: Actual web lines21–28 first block and author/source attribution. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual complete named Kazak dictionary block inspected. Only the selected headword/gloss or spelling is used. Original copying, comparison and quiz instructions are not attributed as dictionary prose.Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 4 ↑Return to Contrast it with the beginning of night, paragraph 1 ↑
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Record PH-LAN-0039 · English edition · human review not performed