Two dal forms

Malik’s joining discussion places dal and retroflex dal among the letters shown with independent and terminating forms. Keep their different upper features in view when following the checked words below.[1]

Locate dal in day

The dictionary records دن with a day or daytime sense, as well as a full-day sense. Use the first sense for this activity. Find د at the right-hand beginning, then follow ن. Copy the complete headword without adding a small retroflex marker to the first letter. Its short form makes it useful for checking every character: look through the whole spelling, cover its meaning, and identify the beginning again. The dictionary also displays a marked version for later vowel practice; the unmarked headword is the present reference.[2]

Contrast the firm or strict example

The separate entry supplies ڈاڈھا with firm, tough or strict senses. Use that selected sense while locating ڈ at its beginning. Compare its small upper marker with the unmarked د in the day example. Follow the remaining letters and retain the he-shaped component when copying the complete word. Find its second ڈ as well, without moving either occurrence. The exercise asks for the checked ڈ beginning, rather than a guessed English d sound. Check the first character again after using the meaning to recall the word.[3]

Your learning objective

Find initial د in دن and initial ڈ in ڈاڈھا and preserve their different upper features.

Prerequisites: Complete Shahmukhi lesson 06 before this lesson. Level 7 · Shahmukhi.

Check your understanding

Which checked word begins with ڈ?

Answer: ڈاڈھا. ڈاڈھا begins with the marked ڈ. دن begins with د and supplies the selected day example.

Interactive feedback and progress appear when the tools load. Answer evidence: PH-LAN-0057-S2 PH-LAN-0057-S3

Sources & notes

Source records include access dates and, where known, limits on what was examined. Checks used AI assistance; independent human or specialist review has not been completed.

  1. M. G. Abbas Malik; 27 th Internationalization and Unicode Conference, Berlin. Towards a Unicode Compatible Punjabi Character Set ↗primary conference paper · Source date: 2005-04 · Locator: Printed p 3, opening joining-exception paragraph and figure 3: dal and retroflex dal among right-joining forms. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual 9-page PDF inspected; printed pp 2–3 rendered and figures visually checked. Used for specified Punjabi-script observations, not its inconsistent early-history account or a claim that its 2005 proposed repertoire is current Unicode. Chart images are not reproduced.Return to Script form 1 ↑Return to Two dal forms, paragraph 1 ↑
  2. Kanwal Bashir and Abbas Kazmi; Dunwoody Press, hosted by University of Chicago Digital Dictionaries of South Asia. Punjabi-English Dictionary: din ↗authored Punjabi dictionary entry · Source date: 2012; digital data updated August 2023 · Locator: Printed p 301, دن headword, day/daytime sense 1; marked دِن display. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual full primary entry body retrieved and the specified spelling, sense or example inspected. This dictionary explicitly targets Pakistani Punjabi; native forms are its published text, not an automatic conversion. Unrelated senses and news examples are not adopted. Roman query keys are index labels, not verified learner pronunciation. Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 2 ↑Return to Locate dal in day, paragraph 1 ↑
  3. Kanwal Bashir and Abbas Kazmi; Dunwoody Press, hosted by University of Chicago Digital Dictionaries of South Asia. Punjabi-English Dictionary: ḍaaḍha ↗authored Punjabi dictionary entry · Source date: 2012; digital data updated August 2023 · Locator: Printed p 318, ڈاڈھا headword, firm/tough/strict sense 1 and actual alternative spelling note. Accessed 2026-11-01.Actual full primary entry body retrieved and the specified spelling, sense or example inspected. This dictionary explicitly targets Pakistani Punjabi; native forms are its published text, not an automatic conversion. Unrelated senses and news examples are not adopted. Roman query keys are index labels, not verified learner pronunciation. Return to Practice exercise ↑Return to Script form 3 ↑Return to Contrast the firm or strict example, paragraph 1 ↑
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Record PH-LAN-0057 · English edition · human review not performed