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Collections · A guide to the archive

Portraits, photographs and dates

Read court portraits and early photographs through their makers, recorded inscriptions, printing stages and later custody.

How to approach this subject

Choose one image and list the events its record actually distinguishes. A sitter’s lifetime, a drawing, a published print, an exposure and a later photographic copy can carry different dates. Compare the portrait and city-photograph guides without treating a shared subject as proof of shared authorship or identical physical objects. Preserve an unknown maker and a gap in custody where the evidence leaves them unresolved.

An intentional selection

Begin with these entries

All collections entries
01Collections2 min read

Sikh court portraits: dating and attribution

A drawing, a published print and a later album watercolour show why the sitter’s lifetime, an inscription and an object’s production date need separate checks.

Sher Singh portraits connected with historical Punjab
02Collections2 min read

Portraits of Ranjit Singh: comparing sources

Compare an equestrian portrait, an Eden print and a museum record with conflicting medium fields while keeping each object’s date and collecting trail.

Lahore court imagery; royal, San Francisco and Kolkata collections
03Collections2 min read

Portraits of Jind Kaur: provenance guide

Separate the painting’s production and exhibition dates from an online reproduction and a later display credit; those records leave gaps in the ownership history.

Jind Kaur in British exhibition and collection records
04Collections2 min read

Photographs of Duleep Singh: archive guide

Compare three Duleep Singh photograph records through exposure dates, later printing, studio attribution and documented acquisition and custody histories.

Portrait photographs of Duleep Singh in British collections
05Collections2 min read

Early photographs of Lahore: dating guide

Read three early Lahore photograph records through date ranges, negative numbers, mounted dimensions and a royal tour album’s separate presentation history.

Lahore photographs in Cleveland, Bradford and the Royal Collection
06Collections2 min read

Early photographs of Amritsar: dating guide

Compare Golden Temple photograph records with an album finding aid, preserving approximate dates, qualified makers, mount sizes and unidentified photographers.

Amritsar photographs in Wellcome, Rijksmuseum, Royal and Getty records
07Collections2 min read

Punjab postcards: source criticism guide

Read Punjab postcards through three catalogue examples, keeping printing ranges, assembled sheets, colour descriptions and unknown makers in their proper scope.

Lahore and Amritsar postcards in Chicago, Glasgow and British Library records

History grows clearer when we can check it.

How we use sources, explain uncertainty and correct mistakes.

Our approach